Music can be seen as a creative form of human–human communication via computer, and therefore, research on human–computer and computer–human interfaces is important. Today, most of the human–human interaction is actually a human-to(-computer-to)-human interaction. With the advent of digital technologies, the computer becomes a generalized tool for producing music: if music is the message, the computer is the instrument to convey the message. The musical instrument is therefore a paradigm of communication between human beings, mediated by technology. Musical instruments and their acoustical properties are the medium between a performer’s actions and the sound, i.e., between a musician and the listener. On the other hand, technological innovations for music have often had a significant impact on other fields as well. Technology plays an important role in identifying the most suitable mechanisms and materials to generate sounds according to the specific needs of the culture of the time and to stimulate new expressive forms of music. Soon enough, existing objects were used and, after that, new instruments were invented to produce sounds and music, becoming increasingly sophisticated and expressive. In particular, singing enables the musician to create a direct relationship between her/his ideas and their realization. One of the first methods of producing music was the use of the human voice. CSC is actively engaged in proposing new paradigms for the preservation of digital art. The preservation of this heritage presents problems very different from those posed by traditional artworks. Several paradigmatic musical works that stated new lines of both musical and scientific research are then presented in detail. Moreover, we discuss a multilevel conceptual framework, which allows multimodal expressive content processing and coordination, which is important in art and music. We discuss input devices for detecting information from gestures or audio signals and rendering systems for audience and user engagement. This paper, for the Sensors Special Issue on 800 Years of Research at Padova University, presents a review of the research in the field of music technologies at Padova University by the Centro di Sonologia Computazionale (CSC), focusing on scientific, technological and musical aspects of interaction between musician and computer and between computer and audience. Music can be seen as a creative form of human–human communication via a computer, and therefore, research on human–computer and computer–human interfaces is very important. With the advent of digital technologies, the computer has become a generalized tool for music production.
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